801 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
801 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
# axios
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[](https://www.npmjs.org/package/axios)
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[](https://cdnjs.com/libraries/axios)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/axios/axios)
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[](https://coveralls.io/r/mzabriskie/axios)
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[](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=axios)
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[](http://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=axios)
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[](https://gitter.im/mzabriskie/axios)
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[](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios)
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Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js
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## Table of Contents
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- [Features](#features)
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- [Browser Support](#browser-support)
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- [Installing](#installing)
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- [Example](#example)
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- [Axios API](#axios-api)
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- [Request method aliases](#request-method-aliases)
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- [Concurrency (Deprecated)](#concurrency-deprecated)
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- [Creating an instance](#creating-an-instance)
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- [Instance methods](#instance-methods)
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- [Request Config](#request-config)
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- [Response Schema](#response-schema)
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- [Config Defaults](#config-defaults)
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- [Global axios defaults](#global-axios-defaults)
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- [Custom instance defaults](#custom-instance-defaults)
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- [Config order of precedence](#config-order-of-precedence)
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- [Interceptors](#interceptors)
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- [Handling Errors](#handling-errors)
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- [Cancellation](#cancellation)
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- [Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format](#using-applicationx-www-form-urlencoded-format)
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- [Browser](#browser)
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- [Node.js](#nodejs)
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- [Query string](#query-string)
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- [Form data](#form-data)
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- [Semver](#semver)
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- [Promises](#promises)
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- [TypeScript](#typescript)
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- [Resources](#resources)
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- [Credits](#credits)
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- [License](#license)
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## Features
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- Make [XMLHttpRequests](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) from the browser
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- Make [http](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html) requests from node.js
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- Supports the [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) API
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- Intercept request and response
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- Transform request and response data
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- Cancel requests
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- Automatic transforms for JSON data
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- Client side support for protecting against [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
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## Browser Support
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--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | 11 ✔ |
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[](https://saucelabs.com/u/axios)
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## Installing
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Using npm:
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```bash
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$ npm install axios
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```
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Using bower:
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```bash
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$ bower install axios
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```
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Using yarn:
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```bash
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$ yarn add axios
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```
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Using jsDelivr CDN:
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```html
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
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```
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Using unpkg CDN:
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```html
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
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```
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## Example
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### note: CommonJS usage
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In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with `require()` use the following approach:
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```js
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const axios = require('axios').default;
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// axios.<method> will now provide autocomplete and parameter typings
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```
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Performing a `GET` request
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```js
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const axios = require('axios');
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// Make a request for a user with a given ID
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axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
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.then(function (response) {
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// handle success
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console.log(response);
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})
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.catch(function (error) {
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// handle error
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console.log(error);
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})
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.then(function () {
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// always executed
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});
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// Optionally the request above could also be done as
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axios.get('/user', {
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params: {
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ID: 12345
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}
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})
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.then(function (response) {
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console.log(response);
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})
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.catch(function (error) {
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console.log(error);
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})
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.then(function () {
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// always executed
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});
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// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
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async function getUser() {
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try {
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const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
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console.log(response);
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} catch (error) {
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console.error(error);
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}
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}
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```
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> **NOTE:** `async/await` is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet
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> Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.
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Performing a `POST` request
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```js
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axios.post('/user', {
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firstName: 'Fred',
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lastName: 'Flintstone'
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})
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.then(function (response) {
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console.log(response);
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})
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.catch(function (error) {
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console.log(error);
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});
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```
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Performing multiple concurrent requests
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```js
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function getUserAccount() {
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return axios.get('/user/12345');
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}
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function getUserPermissions() {
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return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
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}
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Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
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.then(function (results) {
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const acct = results[0];
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const perm = results[1];
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});
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```
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## axios API
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Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to `axios`.
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##### axios(config)
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```js
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// Send a POST request
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axios({
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method: 'post',
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url: '/user/12345',
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data: {
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firstName: 'Fred',
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lastName: 'Flintstone'
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}
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});
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```
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```js
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// GET request for remote image in node.js
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axios({
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method: 'get',
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url: 'http://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
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responseType: 'stream'
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})
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.then(function (response) {
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response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
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});
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```
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##### axios(url[, config])
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```js
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// Send a GET request (default method)
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axios('/user/12345');
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```
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### Request method aliases
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For convenience aliases have been provided for all supported request methods.
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##### axios.request(config)
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##### axios.get(url[, config])
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##### axios.delete(url[, config])
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##### axios.head(url[, config])
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##### axios.options(url[, config])
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##### axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
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###### NOTE
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When using the alias methods `url`, `method`, and `data` properties don't need to be specified in config.
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### Concurrency (Deprecated)
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Please use `Promise.all` to replace the below functions.
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Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.
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axios.all(iterable)
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axios.spread(callback)
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### Creating an instance
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You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.
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##### axios.create([config])
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```js
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const instance = axios.create({
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baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
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timeout: 1000,
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headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
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});
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```
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### Instance methods
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The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.
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##### axios#request(config)
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##### axios#get(url[, config])
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##### axios#delete(url[, config])
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##### axios#head(url[, config])
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##### axios#options(url[, config])
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##### axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios#getUri([config])
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## Request Config
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These are the available config options for making requests. Only the `url` is required. Requests will default to `GET` if `method` is not specified.
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```js
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{
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// `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
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url: '/user',
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// `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
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method: 'get', // default
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// `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
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// It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
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// to methods of that instance.
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baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
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// `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
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// This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
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// The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
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// FormData or Stream
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// You may modify the headers object.
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transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
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// Do whatever you want to transform the data
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return data;
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}],
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// `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
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// it is passed to then/catch
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transformResponse: [function (data) {
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// Do whatever you want to transform the data
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return data;
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}],
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// `headers` are custom headers to be sent
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headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
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// `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
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// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
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params: {
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ID: 12345
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},
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// `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
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// (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
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paramsSerializer: function (params) {
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return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
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},
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// `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
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// Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
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// When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
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// - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
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// - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
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// - Node only: Stream, Buffer
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data: {
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firstName: 'Fred'
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},
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// syntax alternative to send data into the body
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// method post
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// only the value is sent, not the key
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data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',
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// `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
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// If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
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timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
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// `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
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// should be made using credentials
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withCredentials: false, // default
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// `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
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// Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
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adapter: function (config) {
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/* ... */
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},
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// `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
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// This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
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// `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
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// Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
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// For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
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auth: {
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username: 'janedoe',
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password: 's00pers3cret'
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},
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// `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
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// options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
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// browser only: 'blob'
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responseType: 'json', // default
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// `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
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// Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
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responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default
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// `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
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xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default
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// `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
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xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
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// `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
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// browser only
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onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
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// Do whatever you want with the native progress event
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},
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// `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
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// browser only
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onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
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// Do whatever you want with the native progress event
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},
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// `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
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maxContentLength: 2000,
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// `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
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maxBodyLength: 2000,
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// `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
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// HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
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// or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
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// rejected.
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validateStatus: function (status) {
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return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
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},
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// `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
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// If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
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maxRedirects: 5, // default
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// `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
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// e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
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// Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
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// If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
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socketPath: null, // default
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// `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
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// and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
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// `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
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httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
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httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
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// `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
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// You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
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// `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
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// for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
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// variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
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// Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
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// `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
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// supplies credentials.
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// This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
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// `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
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// If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`.
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proxy: {
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protocol: 'https',
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host: '127.0.0.1',
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port: 9000,
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auth: {
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username: 'mikeymike',
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password: 'rapunz3l'
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}
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},
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// `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
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// (see Cancellation section below for details)
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cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
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}),
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// `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed
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// automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header
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// from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
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// - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
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decompress: true // default
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}
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```
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## Response Schema
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The response for a request contains the following information.
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```js
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{
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// `data` is the response that was provided by the server
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data: {},
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// `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
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status: 200,
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// `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
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statusText: 'OK',
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// `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
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// All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
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// Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
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headers: {},
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// `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
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config: {},
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// `request` is the request that generated this response
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// It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
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// and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
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request: {}
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}
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```
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When using `then`, you will receive the response as follows:
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```js
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axios.get('/user/12345')
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.then(function (response) {
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console.log(response.data);
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console.log(response.status);
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console.log(response.statusText);
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console.log(response.headers);
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console.log(response.config);
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});
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```
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When using `catch`, or passing a [rejection callback](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/then) as second parameter of `then`, the response will be available through the `error` object as explained in the [Handling Errors](#handling-errors) section.
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## Config Defaults
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You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.
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### Global axios defaults
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```js
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axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
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axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
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axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
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```
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### Custom instance defaults
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```js
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// Set config defaults when creating the instance
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const instance = axios.create({
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baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
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});
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// Alter defaults after instance has been created
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instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
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```
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### Config order of precedence
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Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in [lib/defaults.js](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/lib/defaults.js#L28), then `defaults` property of the instance, and finally `config` argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.
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```js
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// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
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// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
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const instance = axios.create();
|
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|
|
// Override timeout default for the library
|
|
// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
|
|
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
|
|
|
|
// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
|
|
instance.get('/longRequest', {
|
|
timeout: 5000
|
|
});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Interceptors
|
|
|
|
You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by `then` or `catch`.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
// Add a request interceptor
|
|
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
|
// Do something before request is sent
|
|
return config;
|
|
}, function (error) {
|
|
// Do something with request error
|
|
return Promise.reject(error);
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// Add a response interceptor
|
|
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
|
|
// Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
|
// Do something with response data
|
|
return response;
|
|
}, function (error) {
|
|
// Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
|
// Do something with response error
|
|
return Promise.reject(error);
|
|
});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
|
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const instance = axios.create();
|
|
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Handling Errors
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
|
.catch(function (error) {
|
|
if (error.response) {
|
|
// The request was made and the server responded with a status code
|
|
// that falls out of the range of 2xx
|
|
console.log(error.response.data);
|
|
console.log(error.response.status);
|
|
console.log(error.response.headers);
|
|
} else if (error.request) {
|
|
// The request was made but no response was received
|
|
// `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
|
|
// http.ClientRequest in node.js
|
|
console.log(error.request);
|
|
} else {
|
|
// Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
|
|
console.log('Error', error.message);
|
|
}
|
|
console.log(error.config);
|
|
});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Using the `validateStatus` config option, you can define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
|
validateStatus: function (status) {
|
|
return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Using `toJSON` you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
|
.catch(function (error) {
|
|
console.log(error.toJSON());
|
|
});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Cancellation
|
|
|
|
You can cancel a request using a *cancel token*.
|
|
|
|
> The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn [cancelable promises proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-cancelable-promises).
|
|
|
|
You can create a cancel token using the `CancelToken.source` factory as shown below:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
|
const source = CancelToken.source();
|
|
|
|
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
|
cancelToken: source.token
|
|
}).catch(function (thrown) {
|
|
if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
|
|
console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
|
|
} else {
|
|
// handle error
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
axios.post('/user/12345', {
|
|
name: 'new name'
|
|
}, {
|
|
cancelToken: source.token
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
|
|
source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the `CancelToken` constructor:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
|
let cancel;
|
|
|
|
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
|
cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
|
|
// An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
|
|
cancel = c;
|
|
})
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
// cancel the request
|
|
cancel();
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
> Note: you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token.
|
|
|
|
## Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format
|
|
|
|
By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to `JSON`. To send data in the `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format instead, you can use one of the following options.
|
|
|
|
### Browser
|
|
|
|
In a browser, you can use the [`URLSearchParams`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams) API as follows:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const params = new URLSearchParams();
|
|
params.append('param1', 'value1');
|
|
params.append('param2', 'value2');
|
|
axios.post('/foo', params);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
> Note that `URLSearchParams` is not supported by all browsers (see [caniuse.com](http://www.caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams)), but there is a [polyfill](https://github.com/WebReflection/url-search-params) available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, you can encode data using the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const qs = require('qs');
|
|
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Or in another way (ES6),
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
import qs from 'qs';
|
|
const data = { 'bar': 123 };
|
|
const options = {
|
|
method: 'POST',
|
|
headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
|
|
data: qs.stringify(data),
|
|
url,
|
|
};
|
|
axios(options);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Node.js
|
|
|
|
#### Query string
|
|
|
|
In node.js, you can use the [`querystring`](https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html) module as follows:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const querystring = require('querystring');
|
|
axios.post('http://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
or ['URLSearchParams'](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) from ['url module'](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html) as follows:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const url = require('url');
|
|
const params = new url.URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
|
|
axios.post('http://something.com/', params.toString());
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can also use the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library.
|
|
|
|
###### NOTE
|
|
The `qs` library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the `querystring` method has known issues with that use case (https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665).
|
|
|
|
#### Form data
|
|
|
|
In node.js, you can use the [`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data) library as follows:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
const FormData = require('form-data');
|
|
|
|
const form = new FormData();
|
|
form.append('my_field', 'my value');
|
|
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
|
|
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));
|
|
|
|
axios.post('https://example.com', form, { headers: form.getHeaders() })
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, use an interceptor:
|
|
|
|
```js
|
|
axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {
|
|
if (config.data instanceof FormData) {
|
|
Object.assign(config.headers, config.data.getHeaders());
|
|
}
|
|
return config;
|
|
});
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Semver
|
|
|
|
Until axios reaches a `1.0` release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example `0.5.1`, and `0.5.4` will have the same API, but `0.6.0` will have breaking changes.
|
|
|
|
## Promises
|
|
|
|
axios depends on a native ES6 Promise implementation to be [supported](http://caniuse.com/promises).
|
|
If your environment doesn't support ES6 Promises, you can [polyfill](https://github.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise).
|
|
|
|
## TypeScript
|
|
axios includes [TypeScript](http://typescriptlang.org) definitions.
|
|
```typescript
|
|
import axios from 'axios';
|
|
axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Resources
|
|
|
|
* [Changelog](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
|
|
* [Upgrade Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/UPGRADE_GUIDE.md)
|
|
* [Ecosystem](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/ECOSYSTEM.md)
|
|
* [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
|
* [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
|
|
|
|
## Credits
|
|
|
|
axios is heavily inspired by the [$http service](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$http) provided in [Angular](https://angularjs.org/). Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone `$http`-like service for use outside of Angular.
|
|
|
|
## License
|
|
|
|
[MIT](LICENSE)
|