9.9 KiB
Direct answer — snapshot: Last week’s biorisk headlines were dominated by expanding animal-human and vector-borne threats (notably H5N1 avian influenza in poultry and pet cats, and multiple mosquito-borne threats), a continued severe pediatric influenza season in the U.S., a large and growing U.S. measles burden, and multiple acute outbreak responses (cholera, Ebola, dengue). Concurrent themes included zoonotic spillovers linked to animal food chains (raw pet food), seasonal respiratory‑virus activity and vaccine updates, rising surveillance activity (wastewater and continent-level surveillance plans), and growing attention to antimicrobial resistance and exotic pest threats (New World screwworm). Key items and notable events (each with a representative tweet):
Major events and high‑risk developments
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HPAI H5N1 activity in poultry and domestic animals, and raw‑pet‑food linkage: Several confirmations of highly pathogenic avian influenza in U.S. commercial flocks and a cluster of domestic cat deaths in Los Angeles tied to raw cat food drew major attention. Examples: Utah commercial turkey facility HPAI confirmation FluTrackers, reports on an LA County domestic‑cat cluster linked to raw food and a B3.13 genotype in one cat FluTrackers and coverage noting cat deaths prompting warnings about raw pet food CIDRAP. Pattern/trend: multiple Midwestern and West Coast poultry detections plus domestic carnivore infections indicate ongoing spillover risk and raise concern about cross‑species exposure pathways (including contaminated raw diets). Authorities and animal‑health messaging urged avoidance of sick/dead wild birds and caution around raw pet foods.
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Record/very severe pediatric influenza season in the U.S.: CDC reports and MMWR coverage highlighted this season as one of the deadliest for U.S. children in over a decade, with one report noting the season’s pediatric death count (MMWR/CIDRAP reporting). Representative coverage: CDC/CIDRAP summary of the 2024–25 season’s deadly impact on kids and related MMWR analyses CIDRAP. Pattern: unusually high pediatric morbidity/mortality from influenza this season, prompting renewed emphasis on vaccination and pediatric surveillance.
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Large and expanding measles activity and surveillance improvements: U.S. measles counts rose (CDC confirmed 23 more cases; 2025 totals topped ~1,500 per CIDRAP reporting) with clusters in multiple states including Utah (cases reached 41) and new linked cases in Georgia; pockets of low MMR uptake remain a driver. Representative links: CDC measles wastewater data rollout CDC_NCEZID and CIDRAP’s tally note CIDRAP. Pattern: outbreaks concentrated where vaccine coverage is low or delayed; public‑health agencies are adding early warning tools (wastewater) to detect and act on community spread.
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Cholera and other enteric outbreaks & responses: New or recurrent cholera alerts were reported in multiple regions — Mozambique’s Moma district declared cholera again FluTrackers, and CIDRAP noted surges in Chad with a vaccine campaign launching in Sudan CIDRAP. Trend: conflict and access barriers complicate vaccination and response in parts of Africa, driving reactive campaigns.
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New Ebola outbreak in DRC worsening and funding concerns: Reporting flagged a new Ebola cluster in Congo with rising deaths and warnings about insufficient funds for response statnews. Significance: persistent Ebola risk in DRC with resource constraints remains a major biorisk concern for regional and global responders.
Other notable biological‑risk items and trends
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Dengue hotspots and severe presentations: Multiple countries reported surges — Pakistan (Islamabad/Rawalpindi), Bangladesh (many fatalities occurring within 24 hours of admission), Nepal (~5,000 cases, 2 deaths), and worsening dengue plus chikungunya in Cárdenas, Cuba [FluTrackers Pakistan/dengue posts: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971435727746727946; https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971433243909177451; https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971433524059410479; https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971433797922193579]. Pattern: seasonal dengue surges with severe/fatal cases linked to delayed care and strained local systems.
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Vector‑borne and zoonotic detections beyond avian flu: First Powassan virus case in Illinois (tickborne) and added West Nile human cases in Massachusetts were reported [FluTrackers Powassan: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971432681964745098; FluTrackers West Nile: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971679631767192007]. Also Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever detected in animals in southern France CIDRAP. Trend: wide geographic distribution of zoonotic and tick/mosquito‑borne risks as vectors remain active.
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Invasive pest threat (New World screwworm): USDA announced a five‑prong plan to protect livestock from New World screwworm as the outbreak spreads northward; CDC provided public education on NWS biology and risk [FluTrackers USDA plan: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971445608033722388; CDC_NCEZID NWS info: https://x.com/CDC_NCEZID/status/1970849716553310435]. Significance: re‑establishment of screwworm would have large agricultural and public‑health consequences.
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Surveillance, policy, and preparedness moves: WHO/flu vaccine composition updates for the Southern Hemisphere were announced and discussed CIDRAP; CDC expanded measles wastewater reporting CDC_NCEZID; Africa CDC launched initiatives (continental sickle cell campaign, AMR community of practice, surveillance advisory group) and convenings at UNGA emphasizing preparedness and local manufacturing [AfricaCDC sickle cell: https://x.com/AfricaCDC/status/1971454730342744507; AfricaCDC CSAG: https://x.com/AfricaCDC/status/1970065814385553730]. Pattern: greater emphasis on early detection, One Health integration, and regional capacity building.
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Antimicrobial resistance and downstream risks: Studies and programs highlighted AMR concerns — outpatient antibiotic use after COVID linked to later resistant organisms, and Africa CDC/partners pushing AMR surveillance and stewardship [CIDRAP antibiotic-resistance note: https://x.com/CIDRAP/status/1970953206726303984; AfricaCDC AMR COP: https://x.com/AfricaCDC/status/1970488976319344687].
Important data points and mentions to note
- Pediatric influenza: CDC/MMWR analyses indicated this influenza season is one of the deadliest for U.S. children in more than a decade; reporting included pediatric death counts and encephalopathy signals [CIDRAP MMWR summary: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971606509500137477; https://x.com/CIDRAP/status/1971677247653232892].
- U.S. measles: CDC confirmed 23 additional cases in one update, bringing national 2025 counts past ~1,500 in CIDRAP reporting CIDRAP.
- H5N1: Multiple commercial poultry detections (Utah, Minnesota, Wisconsin outbreaks part of a Midwest rise) and domestic cat cases; genotype B3.13 identified in at least one LA cat sample — sequencing underway for others [FluTrackers Utah: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971679291651010604; FluTrackers Minnesota: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971622126517113161; CIDRAP Wisconsin poultry: https://x.com/CIDRAP/status/1971310357546139778; CIDRAP LA cats: https://x.com/CIDRAP/status/1971643140143562856].
- Cholera and outbreak response: Mozambique re‑declared outbreak in Moma district; Chad experiencing surges and Sudan launching a 1.86M‑person campaign in Darfur per CIDRAP [FluTrackers Mozambique: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971680265174241512; CIDRAP Chad/Sudan: https://x.com/CIDRAP/status/1971306707872625084].
Significant announcements/organizational actions
- WHO/flu vaccine composition for Southern Hemisphere and WHO/UNGA statements on NCDs and health facility protection in conflict zones (Dr Tedros) — these shape seasonal vaccine policy and global health advocacy [CIDRAP vaccine update: https://x.com/CIDRAP/status/1971645267481870402; WHO DrTedros speech link: https://x.com/WHO/status/1971654608746430499].
- Africa CDC: continental initiatives launched and briefed at UNGA (sickle cell campaign, surveillance advisory group, AMR community of practice) signaling regional capacity‑building and continental policy momentum [AfricaCDC sickle cell: https://x.com/AfricaCDC/status/1971454730342744507; AfricaCDC CSAG: https://x.com/AfricaCDC/status/1970065814385553730].
- USDA and U.S. animal‑health responses: stepping up measures for screwworm containment and vigilance around HPAI in commercial flocks [FluTrackers USDA plan: https://x.com/FluTrackers/status/1971445608033722388].
Concluding assessment and short outlook
Last week emphasized the breadth of modern biorisk: simultaneous animal‑human spillovers (H5N1 in poultry/cats), intense seasonal human respiratory disease impact (severe pediatric influenza; rising measles), and classic outbreak hotspots for enteric (cholera) and vector‑borne (dengue, West Nile, Powassan) pathogens. Trends to watch in the near term: further H5N1 detections in domestic animals or poultry (and any evidence of wider mammal transmission), pediatric flu hospitalization and mortality trends as the season progresses, expansion of measles clusters in undervaccinated communities, the trajectory of the new Ebola event in DRC (and funding response), and effectiveness of surveillance upgrades (wastewater, genomic sequencing) and regional preparedness initiatives (Africa CDC, USDA).