#include <math.h>
#include <omp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

const float PI = 3.14159265358979323846;

#define N 1000000

//Array helpers

void array_print(float* array, int length)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        printf("item[%d] = %f\n", i, array[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void array_fill(float* array, int length, float item)
{
    int i;
    #pragma omp private(i)
    {
        #pragma omp for
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            array[i] = item;
        }
    }
}

float array_sum(float* array, int length)
{
    float output = 0.0;
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        output += array[i];
    }
    return output;
}

void array_cumsum(float* array_to_sum, float* array_cumsummed, int length)
{
    array_cumsummed[0] = array_to_sum[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
        array_cumsummed[i] = array_cumsummed[i - 1] + array_to_sum[i];
    }
}

float rand_float(float to, unsigned int* seed)
{
    return ((float)rand_r(seed) / (float)RAND_MAX) * to;
		// See: <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43151361/how-to-create-thread-safe-random-number-generator-in-c-using-rand-r>
		// rand() is not thread-safe, as it relies on (shared) hidden state.
}

float ur_normal(unsigned int* seed)
{
    float u1 = rand_float(1.0, seed);
    float u2 = rand_float(1.0, seed);
    float z = sqrtf(-2.0 * log(u1)) * sin(2 * PI * u2);
    return z;
}

inline float random_uniform(float from, float to, unsigned int* seed)
{
    return ((float) rand_r(seed) / (float)RAND_MAX) * (to - from) + from;
}

inline float random_normal(float mean, float sigma, unsigned int* seed)
{
    return (mean + sigma * ur_normal(seed));
}

inline float random_lognormal(float logmean, float logsigma, unsigned int* seed)
{
    return expf(random_normal(logmean, logsigma, seed));
}

inline float random_to(float low, float high, unsigned int* seed)
{
    const float NORMAL95CONFIDENCE = 1.6448536269514722;
    float loglow = logf(low);
    float loghigh = logf(high);
    float logmean = (loglow + loghigh) / 2;
    float logsigma = (loghigh - loglow) / (2.0 * NORMAL95CONFIDENCE);
    return random_lognormal(logmean, logsigma, seed);
}

int split_array_get_my_length(int index, int total_length, int n_threads)
{
    return (total_length % n_threads > index ? total_length / n_threads + 1 : total_length / n_threads);
}

//Old version, don't use it!! Optimized version is called mixture_f. This one is just for display
/*
void mixture(float* dists[], float* weights, int n_dists, float* results)
{
    float sum_weights = array_sum(weights, n_dists);
    float* normalized_weights = malloc(n_dists * sizeof(float));
    for (int i = 0; i < n_dists; i++) {
        normalized_weights[i] = weights[i] / sum_weights;
    }

    float* cummulative_weights = malloc(n_dists * sizeof(float));
    array_cumsum(normalized_weights, cummulative_weights, n_dists);

    //create var holders
    float p1, p2;
    int index_found, index_counter, sample_index, i;

    #pragma omp parallel private(i, p1, p2, index_found, index_counter, sample_index)
    {
        #pragma omp for
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            p1 = random_uniform(0, 1);
            p2 = random_uniform(0, 1);

            index_found = 0;
            index_counter = 0;

            while ((index_found == 0) && (index_counter < n_dists)) {
                if (p1 < cummulative_weights[index_counter]) {
                    index_found = 1;
                } else {
                    index_counter++;
                }
            }
            if (index_found != 0) {
                sample_index = (int)(p2 * N);
                results[i] = dists[index_counter][sample_index];
            } else
                printf("This shouldn't be able to happen.\n");
        }
    }
    free(normalized_weights);
    free(cummulative_weights);
}
*/
void mixture_f(float (*samplers[])(unsigned int* ), float* weights, int n_dists, float** results, int n_threads)
{
    float sum_weights = array_sum(weights, n_dists);
    float* normalized_weights = malloc(n_dists * sizeof(float));
    for (int i = 0; i < n_dists; i++) {
        normalized_weights[i] = weights[i] / sum_weights;
    }

    float* cummulative_weights = malloc(n_dists * sizeof(float));
    array_cumsum(normalized_weights, cummulative_weights, n_dists);

    //create var holders
    float p1;
    int sample_index, i, own_length;
		unsigned int* seeds[n_threads];
		for(unsigned int i=0; i<n_threads; i++){
			seeds[i] = malloc(sizeof(unsigned int));
			*seeds[i] = i;
		}

    #pragma omp parallel private(i, p1, sample_index, own_length)
    {
        #pragma omp for
        for (i = 0; i < n_threads; i++) {
            own_length = split_array_get_my_length(i, N, n_threads);
            for (int j = 0; j < own_length; j++) {
                p1 = random_uniform(0, 1, seeds[i]);
                for (int k = 0; k < n_dists; k++) {
                    if (p1 < cummulative_weights[k]) {
                        results[i][j] = samplers[k](seeds[i]);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    free(normalized_weights);
    free(cummulative_weights);
		for(unsigned int i=0; i<n_threads; i++){
			free(seeds[i]);
		}
}

float sample_0(unsigned int* seed)
{
    return 0;
}

float sample_1(unsigned int* seed)
{
    return 1;
}

float sample_few(unsigned int* seed)
{
    return random_to(1, 3, seed);
}

float sample_many(unsigned int* seed)
{
    return random_to(2, 10, seed);
}

void split_array_allocate(float** meta_array, int length, int divide_into)
{
    int own_length;

    for (int i = 0; i < divide_into; i++) {
        own_length = split_array_get_my_length(i, length, divide_into);
        meta_array[i] = malloc(own_length * sizeof(float));
    }
}

void split_array_free(float** meta_array, int divided_into)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < divided_into; i++) {
        free(meta_array[i]);
    }
    free(meta_array);
}

float split_array_sum(float** meta_array, int length, int divided_into)
{
    int i;
    float output;
    float* partial_sum = malloc(divided_into * sizeof(float));

    #pragma omp private(i) shared(partial_sum)
    for (int i = 0; i < divided_into; i++) {
        float own_partial_sum = 0;
        int own_length = split_array_get_my_length(i, length, divided_into);
        for (int j = 0; j < own_length; j++) {
            own_partial_sum += meta_array[i][j];
        }
        partial_sum[i] = own_partial_sum;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < divided_into; i++) {
        output += partial_sum[i];
    }
    return output;
}

int main()
{
    //initialize randomness
    srand(time(NULL));
    
		// clock_t start, end;
		// start = clock();

		// Toy example
		// Declare variables in play
		float p_a, p_b, p_c;
		int n_threads = omp_get_max_threads();
		// printf("Max threads: %d\n", n_threads);
		// omp_set_num_threads(n_threads);
		float** dist_mixture = malloc(n_threads * sizeof(float*));
		split_array_allocate(dist_mixture, N, n_threads);

		// Initialize variables
		p_a = 0.8;
		p_b = 0.5;
		p_c = p_a * p_b;

		// Generate mixture
		int n_dists = 4;
		float weights[] = { 1 - p_c, p_c / 2, p_c / 4, p_c / 4 };
		float (*samplers[])(unsigned int* ) = { sample_0, sample_1, sample_few, sample_many };

		mixture_f(samplers, weights, n_dists, dist_mixture, n_threads);
		printf("Sum(dist_mixture, N)/N = %f\n", split_array_sum(dist_mixture, N, n_threads) / N);
		// array_print(dist_mixture[0], N);
		split_array_free(dist_mixture, n_threads);
		
		// end = clock();
		// printf("Time (ms): %f\n", ((double)(end - start)) / (CLOCKS_PER_SEC) * 1000);
		// ^ Will only measure how long it takes the inner main to run, not the whole program, 
		// including e.g., loading the program into memory or smth.
		// Also CLOCKS_PER_SEC in POSIX is a constant equal to 1000000.
		// See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10455905/why-is-clocks-per-sec-not-the-actual-number-of-clocks-per-second
    return 0;
}