diff --git a/docs/boss.dot b/docs/boss.dot
index 8b34fc3..bff04d3 100644
--- a/docs/boss.dot
+++ b/docs/boss.dot
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ digraph {
 
         {rank=same; Other S_closed}
         Other [shape="box" style="dashed"
-               label="send -> S.send\ngot_verifier -> A.got_verifier\nallocate -> C.allocate\ninput -> C.input\nset_code -> C.set_code"
+               label="rx_welcome -> process\nsend -> S.send\ngot_verifier -> A.got_verifier\nallocate -> C.allocate\ninput -> C.input\nset_code -> C.set_code"
                ]
 
 
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_boss.py b/src/wormhole/_boss.py
index 6065bfc..7ba8978 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_boss.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_boss.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from attr import attrs, attrib
 from attr.validators import provides, instance_of
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class Boss(object):
         self._M = Mailbox(self._side)
         self._S = Send(self._side, self._timing)
         self._O = Order(self._side, self._timing)
-        self._K = Key(self._timing)
+        self._K = Key(self._appid, self._timing)
         self._R = Receive(self._side, self._timing)
         self._RC = RendezvousConnector(self._url, self._appid, self._side,
                                        self._reactor, self._journal,
@@ -92,6 +93,10 @@ class Boss(object):
     @m.input()
     def close(self): pass
 
+    # from RendezvousConnector
+    @m.input()
+    def rx_welcome(self, welcome): pass
+
     # from Code (provoked by input/allocate/set_code)
     @m.input()
     def got_code(self, code): pass
@@ -121,6 +126,10 @@ class Boss(object):
     def closed(self): pass
 
 
+    @m.output()
+    def process_welcome(self, welcome):
+        pass # TODO: ignored for now
+
     @m.output()
     def do_got_code(self, code):
         nameplate = code.split("-")[0]
@@ -167,18 +176,22 @@ class Boss(object):
 
     S0_empty.upon(close, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[close_lonely])
     S0_empty.upon(send, enter=S0_empty, outputs=[S_send])
+    S0_empty.upon(rx_welcome, enter=S0_empty, outputs=[process_welcome])
     S0_empty.upon(got_code, enter=S1_lonely, outputs=[do_got_code])
+    S1_lonely.upon(rx_welcome, enter=S1_lonely, outputs=[process_welcome])
     S1_lonely.upon(happy, enter=S2_happy, outputs=[])
     S1_lonely.upon(scared, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[close_scared])
     S1_lonely.upon(close, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[close_lonely])
     S1_lonely.upon(send, enter=S1_lonely, outputs=[S_send])
     S1_lonely.upon(got_verifier, enter=S1_lonely, outputs=[W_got_verifier])
+    S2_happy.upon(rx_welcome, enter=S2_happy, outputs=[process_welcome])
     S2_happy.upon(got_phase, enter=S2_happy, outputs=[W_received])
     S2_happy.upon(got_version, enter=S2_happy, outputs=[process_version])
     S2_happy.upon(scared, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[close_scared])
     S2_happy.upon(close, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[close_happy])
     S2_happy.upon(send, enter=S2_happy, outputs=[S_send])
 
+    S3_closing.upon(rx_welcome, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[])
     S3_closing.upon(got_phase, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[])
     S3_closing.upon(got_version, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[])
     S3_closing.upon(happy, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[])
@@ -187,6 +200,7 @@ class Boss(object):
     S3_closing.upon(send, enter=S3_closing, outputs=[])
     S3_closing.upon(closed, enter=S4_closed, outputs=[W_closed])
 
+    S4_closed.upon(rx_welcome, enter=S4_closed, outputs=[])
     S4_closed.upon(got_phase, enter=S4_closed, outputs=[])
     S4_closed.upon(got_version, enter=S4_closed, outputs=[])
     S4_closed.upon(happy, enter=S4_closed, outputs=[])
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_code.py b/src/wormhole/_code.py
index 067ace2..7f4a248 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_code.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_code.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 import os
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from attr import attrs, attrib
@@ -127,5 +128,14 @@ class Code(object):
                              outputs=[stash_nameplates])
     S2_typing_nameplate.upon(hyphen, enter=S3_typing_code,
                              outputs=[lookup_wordlist])
+    # TODO: need a proper pair of connected/lost states around S2
+    S2_typing_nameplate.upon(connected, enter=S2_typing_nameplate, outputs=[])
+    S2_typing_nameplate.upon(lost, enter=S2_typing_nameplate, outputs=[])
+
     S3_typing_code.upon(tab, enter=S3_typing_code, outputs=[do_completion_code])
     S3_typing_code.upon(RETURN, enter=S4_known, outputs=[B_got_code])
+    S3_typing_code.upon(connected, enter=S3_typing_code, outputs=[])
+    S3_typing_code.upon(lost, enter=S3_typing_code, outputs=[])
+
+    S4_known.upon(connected, enter=S4_known, outputs=[])
+    S4_known.upon(lost, enter=S4_known, outputs=[])
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_key.py b/src/wormhole/_key.py
index edbcda7..3472871 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_key.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_key.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 from hashlib import sha256
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from attr import attrs, attrib
-from attr.validators import provides
+from attr.validators import provides, instance_of
 from spake2 import SPAKE2_Symmetric
 from hkdf import Hkdf
 from nacl.secret import SecretBox
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ def encrypt_data(key, plaintext):
 @attrs
 @implementer(_interfaces.IKey)
 class Key(object):
+    _appid = attrib(validator=instance_of(type(u"")))
     _timing = attrib(validator=provides(_interfaces.ITiming))
     m = MethodicalMachine()
 
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_mailbox.py b/src/wormhole/_mailbox.py
index 1aec665..5d9642f 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_mailbox.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_mailbox.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from attr import attrs, attrib
 from attr.validators import instance_of
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ class Mailbox(object):
     _side = attrib(validator=instance_of(type(u"")))
     m = MethodicalMachine()
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __attrs_post_init__(self):
         self._mood = None
         self._nameplate = None
         self._mailbox = None
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ class Mailbox(object):
     @m.output()
     def record_nameplate_and_RC_tx_claim(self, nameplate):
         self._nameplate = nameplate
-        self._RX.tx_claim(self._nameplate)
+        self._RC.tx_claim(self._nameplate)
     @m.output()
     def RC_tx_claim(self):
         # when invoked via M.connected(), we must use the stored nameplate
@@ -278,5 +279,19 @@ class Mailbox(object):
         ScB.upon(rx_closed, enter=SsB, outputs=[RC_stop])
         ScA.upon(connected, enter=ScB, outputs=[RC_tx_close])
 
+        SsB.upon(lost, enter=SsB, outputs=[])
         SsB.upon(stopped, enter=Ss, outputs=[W_closed])
 
+        SrcB.upon(rx_claimed, enter=SrcB, outputs=[])
+        SrcB.upon(rx_message_theirs, enter=SrcB, outputs=[])
+        SrcB.upon(rx_message_ours, enter=SrcB, outputs=[])
+        SrB.upon(rx_claimed, enter=SrB, outputs=[])
+        SrB.upon(rx_message_theirs, enter=SrB, outputs=[])
+        SrB.upon(rx_message_ours, enter=SrB, outputs=[])
+        ScB.upon(rx_claimed, enter=ScB, outputs=[])
+        ScB.upon(rx_message_theirs, enter=ScB, outputs=[])
+        ScB.upon(rx_message_ours, enter=ScB, outputs=[])
+        SsB.upon(rx_claimed, enter=SsB, outputs=[])
+        SsB.upon(rx_message_theirs, enter=SsB, outputs=[])
+        SsB.upon(rx_message_ours, enter=SsB, outputs=[])
+
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_nameplate.py b/src/wormhole/_nameplate.py
index 719f354..ee9631c 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_nameplate.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_nameplate.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from automat import MethodicalMachine
 from . import _interfaces
@@ -5,8 +6,7 @@ from . import _interfaces
 @implementer(_interfaces.INameplateLister)
 class NameplateListing(object):
     m = MethodicalMachine()
-    def __init__(self):
-        pass
+
     def wire(self, rendezvous_connector, code):
         self._RC = _interfaces.IRendezvousConnector(rendezvous_connector)
         self._C = _interfaces.ICode(code)
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_order.py b/src/wormhole/_order.py
index 73934e8..e16f2b6 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_order.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_order.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from attr import attrs, attrib
 from attr.validators import provides, instance_of
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ class Order(object):
     _timing = attrib(validator=provides(_interfaces.ITiming))
     m = MethodicalMachine()
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __attrs_post_init__(self):
         self._key = None
         self._queue = []
     def wire(self, key, receive):
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_receive.py b/src/wormhole/_receive.py
index 8fec9a8..47a3c12 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_receive.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_receive.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from attr import attrs, attrib
 from attr.validators import provides, instance_of
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ class Receive(object):
     _timing = attrib(validator=provides(_interfaces.ITiming))
     m = MethodicalMachine()
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __attrs_post_init__(self):
         self._key = None
 
     def wire(self, boss, key, send):
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_rendezvous.py b/src/wormhole/_rendezvous.py
index 769cb25..c65dc68 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_rendezvous.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_rendezvous.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
 import os
 from six.moves.urllib_parse import urlparse
 from attr import attrs, attrib
@@ -27,7 +28,12 @@ class WSClient(websocket.WebSocketClientProtocol):
     def onMessage(self, payload, isBinary):
         #print("onMessage")
         assert not isBinary
-        self._RC.ws_message(payload)
+        try:
+            self._RC.ws_message(payload)
+        except:
+            print("LOGGING")
+            log.err()
+            raise
 
     def onClose(self, wasClean, code, reason):
         #print("onClose")
@@ -60,6 +66,7 @@ class RendezvousConnector(object):
     _reactor = attrib()
     _journal = attrib(validator=provides(_interfaces.IJournal))
     _timing = attrib(validator=provides(_interfaces.ITiming))
+    DEBUG = False
 
     def __attrs_post_init__(self):
         self._ws = None
diff --git a/src/wormhole/_send.py b/src/wormhole/_send.py
index 3d6b1e1..355a267 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/_send.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/_send.py
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import, unicode_literals
+from attr import attrs, attrib
+from attr.validators import provides, instance_of
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from automat import MethodicalMachine
 from . import _interfaces
 from ._key import derive_phase_key, encrypt_data
 
+@attrs
 @implementer(_interfaces.ISend)
 class Send(object):
+    _side = attrib(validator=instance_of(type(u"")))
+    _timing = attrib(validator=provides(_interfaces.ITiming))
     m = MethodicalMachine()
-    def __init__(self, side, timing):
-        self._side = side
-        self._timing = timing
+
     def wire(self, mailbox):
         self._M = _interfaces.IMailbox(mailbox)
 
diff --git a/src/wormhole/test/test_wormhole_new.py b/src/wormhole/test/test_wormhole_new.py
index 821001b..9710ae7 100644
--- a/src/wormhole/test/test_wormhole_new.py
+++ b/src/wormhole/test/test_wormhole_new.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import print_function, unicode_literals
 from twisted.trial import unittest
 from twisted.internet import reactor
+from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
 from .common import ServerBase
 from .. import wormhole
 
@@ -26,3 +27,11 @@ class New(ServerBase, unittest.TestCase):
         dg = Delegate()
         w = wormhole.delegated_wormhole(APPID, self.relayurl, reactor, dg)
         w.close()
+
+    @inlineCallbacks
+    def test_allocate(self):
+        w = wormhole.deferred_wormhole(APPID, self.relayurl, reactor)
+        code = yield w.when_code()
+        print("code:", code)
+        yield w.close()
+    test_allocate.timeout = 2