#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, with_statement
from tornado import httpclient, simple_httpclient, netutil
from tornado.escape import json_decode, utf8, _unicode, recursive_unicode, native_str
from tornado.httpserver import HTTPServer
from tornado.httputil import HTTPHeaders
from tornado.iostream import IOStream
from tornado.log import gen_log
from tornado.netutil import ssl_options_to_context, Resolver
from tornado.simple_httpclient import SimpleAsyncHTTPClient
from tornado.testing import AsyncHTTPTestCase, AsyncHTTPSTestCase, AsyncTestCase, ExpectLog
from tornado.test.util import unittest
from tornado.util import u, bytes_type
from tornado.web import Application, RequestHandler, asynchronous
from contextlib import closing
import datetime
import os
import shutil
import socket
import ssl
import sys
import tempfile
class HandlerBaseTestCase(AsyncHTTPTestCase):
def get_app(self):
return Application([('/', self.__class__.Handler)])
def fetch_json(self, *args, **kwargs):
response = self.fetch(*args, **kwargs)
response.rethrow()
return json_decode(response.body)
class HelloWorldRequestHandler(RequestHandler):
def initialize(self, protocol="http"):
self.expected_protocol = protocol
def get(self):
if self.request.protocol != self.expected_protocol:
raise Exception("unexpected protocol")
self.finish("Hello world")
def post(self):
self.finish("Got %d bytes in POST" % len(self.request.body))
# In pre-1.0 versions of openssl, SSLv23 clients always send SSLv2
# ClientHello messages, which are rejected by SSLv3 and TLSv1
# servers. Note that while the OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO was formally
# introduced in python3.2, it was present but undocumented in
# python 2.7
skipIfOldSSL = unittest.skipIf(
getattr(ssl, 'OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO', (0, 0)) < (1, 0),
"old version of ssl module and/or openssl")
class BaseSSLTest(AsyncHTTPSTestCase):
def get_app(self):
return Application([('/', HelloWorldRequestHandler,
dict(protocol="https"))])
class SSLTestMixin(object):
def get_ssl_options(self):
return dict(ssl_version=self.get_ssl_version(),
**AsyncHTTPSTestCase.get_ssl_options())
def get_ssl_version(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def test_ssl(self):
response = self.fetch('/')
self.assertEqual(response.body, b"Hello world")
def test_large_post(self):
response = self.fetch('/',
method='POST',
body='A' * 5000)
self.assertEqual(response.body, b"Got 5000 bytes in POST")
def test_non_ssl_request(self):
# Make sure the server closes the connection when it gets a non-ssl
# connection, rather than waiting for a timeout or otherwise
# misbehaving.
with ExpectLog(gen_log, '(SSL Error|uncaught exception)'):
self.http_client.fetch(self.get_url("/").replace('https:', 'http:'),
self.stop,
request_timeout=3600,
connect_timeout=3600)
response = self.wait()
self.assertEqual(response.code, 599)
# Python's SSL implementation differs significantly between versions.
# For example, SSLv3 and TLSv1 throw an exception if you try to read
# from the socket before the handshake is complete, but the default
# of SSLv23 allows it.
class SSLv23Test(BaseSSLTest, SSLTestMixin):
def get_ssl_version(self):
return ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23
@skipIfOldSSL
class SSLv3Test(BaseSSLTest, SSLTestMixin):
def get_ssl_version(self):
return ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3
@skipIfOldSSL
class TLSv1Test(BaseSSLTest, SSLTestMixin):
def get_ssl_version(self):
return ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1
@unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(ssl, 'SSLContext'), 'ssl.SSLContext not present')
class SSLContextTest(BaseSSLTest, SSLTestMixin):
def get_ssl_options(self):
context = ssl_options_to_context(
AsyncHTTPSTestCase.get_ssl_options(self))
assert isinstance(context, ssl.SSLContext)
return context
class BadSSLOptionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_missing_arguments(self):
application = Application()
self.assertRaises(KeyError, HTTPServer, application, ssl_options={
"keyfile": "/__missing__.crt",
})
def test_missing_key(self):
"""A missing SSL key should cause an immediate exception."""
application = Application()
module_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
existing_certificate = os.path.join(module_dir, 'test.crt')
self.assertRaises(ValueError, HTTPServer, application, ssl_options={
"certfile": "/__mising__.crt",
})
self.assertRaises(ValueError, HTTPServer, application, ssl_options={
"certfile": existing_certificate,
"keyfile": "/__missing__.key"
})
# This actually works because both files exist
HTTPServer(application, ssl_options={
"certfile": existing_certificate,
"keyfile": existing_certificate
})
class MultipartTestHandler(RequestHandler):
def post(self):
self.finish({"header": self.request.headers["X-Header-Encoding-Test"],
"argument": self.get_argument("argument"),
"filename": self.request.files["files"][0].filename,
"filebody": _unicode(self.request.files["files"][0]["body"]),
})
class RawRequestHTTPConnection(simple_httpclient._HTTPConnection):
def set_request(self, request):
self.__next_request = request
def _on_connect(self):
self.stream.write(self.__next_request)
self.__next_request = None
self.stream.read_until(b"\r\n\r\n", self._on_headers)
# This test is also called from wsgi_test
class HTTPConnectionTest(AsyncHTTPTestCase):
def get_handlers(self):
return [("/multipart", MultipartTestHandler),
("/hello", HelloWorldRequestHandler)]
def get_app(self):
return Application(self.get_handlers())
def raw_fetch(self, headers, body):
with closing(Resolver(io_loop=self.io_loop)) as resolver:
with closing(SimpleAsyncHTTPClient(self.io_loop,
resolver=resolver)) as client:
conn = RawRequestHTTPConnection(
self.io_loop, client,
httpclient._RequestProxy(
httpclient.HTTPRequest(self.get_url("/")),
dict(httpclient.HTTPRequest._DEFAULTS)),
None, self.stop,
1024 * 1024, resolver)
conn.set_request(
b"\r\n".join(headers +
[utf8("Content-Length: %d\r\n" % len(body))]) +
b"\r\n" + body)
response = self.wait()
response.rethrow()
return response
def test_multipart_form(self):
# Encodings here are tricky: Headers are latin1, bodies can be
# anything (we use utf8 by default).
response = self.raw_fetch([
b"POST /multipart HTTP/1.0",
b"Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=1234567890",
b"X-Header-encoding-test: \xe9",
],
b"\r\n".join([
b"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=argument",
b"",
u("\u00e1").encode("utf-8"),
b"--1234567890",
u('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="\u00f3"').encode("utf8"),
b"",
u("\u00fa").encode("utf-8"),
b"--1234567890--",
b"",
]))
data = json_decode(response.body)
self.assertEqual(u("\u00e9"), data["header"])
self.assertEqual(u("\u00e1"), data["argument"])
self.assertEqual(u("\u00f3"), data["filename"])
self.assertEqual(u("\u00fa"), data["filebody"])
def test_100_continue(self):
# Run through a 100-continue interaction by hand:
# When given Expect: 100-continue, we get a 100 response after the
# headers, and then the real response after the body.
stream = IOStream(socket.socket(), io_loop=self.io_loop)
stream.connect(("localhost", self.get_http_port()), callback=self.stop)
self.wait()
stream.write(b"\r\n".join([b"POST /hello HTTP/1.1",
b"Content-Length: 1024",
b"Expect: 100-continue",
b"Connection: close",
b"\r\n"]), callback=self.stop)
self.wait()
stream.read_until(b"\r\n\r\n", self.stop)
data = self.wait()
self.assertTrue(data.startswith(b"HTTP/1.1 100 "), data)
stream.write(b"a" * 1024)
stream.read_until(b"\r\n", self.stop)
first_line = self.wait()
self.assertTrue(first_line.startswith(b"HTTP/1.1 200"), first_line)
stream.read_until(b"\r\n\r\n", self.stop)
header_data = self.wait()
headers = HTTPHeaders.parse(native_str(header_data.decode('latin1')))
stream.read_bytes(int(headers["Content-Length"]), self.stop)
body = self.wait()
self.assertEqual(body, b"Got 1024 bytes in POST")
stream.close()
class EchoHandler(RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.write(recursive_unicode(self.request.arguments))
def post(self):
self.write(recursive_unicode(self.request.arguments))
class TypeCheckHandler(RequestHandler):
def prepare(self):
self.errors = {}
fields = [
('method', str),
('uri', str),
('version', str),
('remote_ip', str),
('protocol', str),
('host', str),
('path', str),
('query', str),
]
for field, expected_type in fields:
self.check_type(field, getattr(self.request, field), expected_type)
self.check_type('header_key', list(self.request.headers.keys())[0], str)
self.check_type('header_value', list(self.request.headers.values())[0], str)
self.check_type('cookie_key', list(self.request.cookies.keys())[0], str)
self.check_type('cookie_value', list(self.request.cookies.values())[0].value, str)
# secure cookies
self.check_type('arg_key', list(self.request.arguments.keys())[0], str)
self.check_type('arg_value', list(self.request.arguments.values())[0][0], bytes_type)
def post(self):
self.check_type('body', self.request.body, bytes_type)
self.write(self.errors)
def get(self):
self.write(self.errors)
def check_type(self, name, obj, expected_type):
actual_type = type(obj)
if expected_type != actual_type:
self.errors[name] = "expected %s, got %s" % (expected_type,
actual_type)
class HTTPServerTest(AsyncHTTPTestCase):
def get_app(self):
return Application([("/echo", EchoHandler),
("/typecheck", TypeCheckHandler),
("//doubleslash", EchoHandler),
])
def test_query_string_encoding(self):
response = self.fetch("/echo?foo=%C3%A9")
data = json_decode(response.body)
self.assertEqual(data, {u("foo"): [u("\u00e9")]})
def test_empty_query_string(self):
response = self.fetch("/echo?foo=&foo=")
data = json_decode(response.body)
self.assertEqual(data, {u("foo"): [u(""), u("")]})
def test_empty_post_parameters(self):
response = self.fetch("/echo", method="POST", body="foo=&bar=")
data = json_decode(response.body)
self.assertEqual(data, {u("foo"): [u("")], u("bar"): [u("")]})
def test_types(self):
headers = {"Cookie": "foo=bar"}
response = self.fetch("/typecheck?foo=bar", headers=headers)
data = json_decode(response.body)
self.assertEqual(data, {})
response = self.fetch("/typecheck", method="POST", body="foo=bar", headers=headers)
data = json_decode(response.body)
self.assertEqual(data, {})
def test_double_slash(self):
# urlparse.urlsplit (which tornado.httpserver used to use
# incorrectly) would parse paths beginning with "//" as
# protocol-relative urls.
response = self.fetch("//doubleslash")
self.assertEqual(200, response.code)
self.assertEqual(json_decode(response.body), {})
class HTTPServerRawTest(AsyncHTTPTestCase):
def get_app(self):
return Application([
('/echo', EchoHandler),
])
def setUp(self):
super(HTTPServerRawTest, self).setUp()
self.stream = IOStream(socket.socket())
self.stream.connect(('localhost', self.get_http_port()), self.stop)
self.wait()
def tearDown(self):
self.stream.close()
super(HTTPServerRawTest, self).tearDown()
def test_empty_request(self):
self.stream.close()
self.io_loop.add_timeout(datetime.timedelta(seconds=0.001), self.stop)
self.wait()
def test_malformed_first_line(self):
with ExpectLog(gen_log, '.*Malformed HTTP request line'):
self.stream.write(b'asdf\r\n\r\n')
# TODO: need an async version of ExpectLog so we don't need
# hard-coded timeouts here.
self.io_loop.add_timeout(datetime.timedelta(seconds=0.01),
self.stop)
self.wait()
def test_malformed_headers(self):
with ExpectLog(gen_log, '.*Malformed HTTP headers'):
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nasdf\r\n\r\n')
self.io_loop.add_timeout(datetime.timedelta(seconds=0.01),
self.stop)
self.wait()
class XHeaderTest(HandlerBaseTestCase):
class Handler(RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.write(dict(remote_ip=self.request.remote_ip,
remote_protocol=self.request.protocol))
def get_httpserver_options(self):
return dict(xheaders=True)
def test_ip_headers(self):
self.assertEqual(self.fetch_json("/")["remote_ip"], "127.0.0.1")
valid_ipv4 = {"X-Real-IP": "4.4.4.4"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=valid_ipv4)["remote_ip"],
"4.4.4.4")
valid_ipv4_list = {"X-Forwarded-For": "127.0.0.1, 4.4.4.4"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=valid_ipv4_list)["remote_ip"],
"4.4.4.4")
valid_ipv6 = {"X-Real-IP": "2620:0:1cfe:face:b00c::3"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=valid_ipv6)["remote_ip"],
"2620:0:1cfe:face:b00c::3")
valid_ipv6_list = {"X-Forwarded-For": "::1, 2620:0:1cfe:face:b00c::3"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=valid_ipv6_list)["remote_ip"],
"2620:0:1cfe:face:b00c::3")
invalid_chars = {"X-Real-IP": "4.4.4.4<script>"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=invalid_chars)["remote_ip"],
"127.0.0.1")
invalid_chars_list = {"X-Forwarded-For": "4.4.4.4, 5.5.5.5<script>"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=invalid_chars_list)["remote_ip"],
"127.0.0.1")
invalid_host = {"X-Real-IP": "www.google.com"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=invalid_host)["remote_ip"],
"127.0.0.1")
def test_scheme_headers(self):
self.assertEqual(self.fetch_json("/")["remote_protocol"], "http")
https_scheme = {"X-Scheme": "https"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=https_scheme)["remote_protocol"],
"https")
https_forwarded = {"X-Forwarded-Proto": "https"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=https_forwarded)["remote_protocol"],
"https")
bad_forwarded = {"X-Forwarded-Proto": "unknown"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=bad_forwarded)["remote_protocol"],
"http")
class SSLXHeaderTest(AsyncHTTPSTestCase, HandlerBaseTestCase):
def get_app(self):
return Application([('/', XHeaderTest.Handler)])
def get_httpserver_options(self):
output = super(SSLXHeaderTest, self).get_httpserver_options()
output['xheaders'] = True
return output
def test_request_without_xprotocol(self):
self.assertEqual(self.fetch_json("/")["remote_protocol"], "https")
http_scheme = {"X-Scheme": "http"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=http_scheme)["remote_protocol"], "http")
bad_scheme = {"X-Scheme": "unknown"}
self.assertEqual(
self.fetch_json("/", headers=bad_scheme)["remote_protocol"], "https")
class ManualProtocolTest(HandlerBaseTestCase):
class Handler(RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.write(dict(protocol=self.request.protocol))
def get_httpserver_options(self):
return dict(protocol='https')
def test_manual_protocol(self):
self.assertEqual(self.fetch_json('/')['protocol'], 'https')
@unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX') or sys.platform == 'cygwin',
"unix sockets not supported on this platform")
class UnixSocketTest(AsyncTestCase):
"""HTTPServers can listen on Unix sockets too.
Why would you want to do this? Nginx can proxy to backends listening
on unix sockets, for one thing (and managing a namespace for unix
sockets can be easier than managing a bunch of TCP port numbers).
Unfortunately, there's no way to specify a unix socket in a url for
an HTTP client, so we have to test this by hand.
"""
def setUp(self):
super(UnixSocketTest, self).setUp()
self.tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
def tearDown(self):
shutil.rmtree(self.tmpdir)
super(UnixSocketTest, self).tearDown()
def test_unix_socket(self):
sockfile = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, "test.sock")
sock = netutil.bind_unix_socket(sockfile)
app = Application([("/hello", HelloWorldRequestHandler)])
server = HTTPServer(app, io_loop=self.io_loop)
server.add_socket(sock)
stream = IOStream(socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX), io_loop=self.io_loop)
stream.connect(sockfile, self.stop)
self.wait()
stream.write(b"GET /hello HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
stream.read_until(b"\r\n", self.stop)
response = self.wait()
self.assertEqual(response, b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n")
stream.read_until(b"\r\n\r\n", self.stop)
headers = HTTPHeaders.parse(self.wait().decode('latin1'))
stream.read_bytes(int(headers["Content-Length"]), self.stop)
body = self.wait()
self.assertEqual(body, b"Hello world")
stream.close()
server.stop()
class KeepAliveTest(AsyncHTTPTestCase):
"""Tests various scenarios for HTTP 1.1 keep-alive support.
These tests don't use AsyncHTTPClient because we want to control
connection reuse and closing.
"""
def get_app(self):
class HelloHandler(RequestHandler):
def get(self):
self.finish('Hello world')
class LargeHandler(RequestHandler):
def get(self):
# 512KB should be bigger than the socket buffers so it will
# be written out in chunks.
self.write(''.join(chr(i % 256) * 1024 for i in range(512)))
class FinishOnCloseHandler(RequestHandler):
@asynchronous
def get(self):
self.flush()
def on_connection_close(self):
# This is not very realistic, but finishing the request
# from the close callback has the right timing to mimic
# some errors seen in the wild.
self.finish('closed')
return Application([('/', HelloHandler),
('/large', LargeHandler),
('/finish_on_close', FinishOnCloseHandler)])
def setUp(self):
super(KeepAliveTest, self).setUp()
self.http_version = b'HTTP/1.1'
def tearDown(self):
# We just closed the client side of the socket; let the IOLoop run
# once to make sure the server side got the message.
self.io_loop.add_timeout(datetime.timedelta(seconds=0.001), self.stop)
self.wait()
if hasattr(self, 'stream'):
self.stream.close()
super(KeepAliveTest, self).tearDown()
# The next few methods are a crude manual http client
def connect(self):
self.stream = IOStream(socket.socket(), io_loop=self.io_loop)
self.stream.connect(('localhost', self.get_http_port()), self.stop)
self.wait()
def read_headers(self):
self.stream.read_until(b'\r\n', self.stop)
first_line = self.wait()
self.assertTrue(first_line.startswith(self.http_version + b' 200'), first_line)
self.stream.read_until(b'\r\n\r\n', self.stop)
header_bytes = self.wait()
headers = HTTPHeaders.parse(header_bytes.decode('latin1'))
return headers
def read_response(self):
headers = self.read_headers()
self.stream.read_bytes(int(headers['Content-Length']), self.stop)
body = self.wait()
self.assertEqual(b'Hello world', body)
def close(self):
self.stream.close()
del self.stream
def test_two_requests(self):
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n')
self.read_response()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n')
self.read_response()
self.close()
def test_request_close(self):
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n')
self.read_response()
self.stream.read_until_close(callback=self.stop)
data = self.wait()
self.assertTrue(not data)
self.close()
# keepalive is supported for http 1.0 too, but it's opt-in
def test_http10(self):
self.http_version = b'HTTP/1.0'
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n')
self.read_response()
self.stream.read_until_close(callback=self.stop)
data = self.wait()
self.assertTrue(not data)
self.close()
def test_http10_keepalive(self):
self.http_version = b'HTTP/1.0'
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n')
self.read_response()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n')
self.read_response()
self.close()
def test_pipelined_requests(self):
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\nGET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n')
self.read_response()
self.read_response()
self.close()
def test_pipelined_cancel(self):
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\nGET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n')
# only read once
self.read_response()
self.close()
def test_cancel_during_download(self):
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET /large HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n')
self.read_headers()
self.stream.read_bytes(1024, self.stop)
self.wait()
self.close()
def test_finish_while_closed(self):
self.connect()
self.stream.write(b'GET /finish_on_close HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n')
self.read_headers()
self.close()